Established by the United Nations, World Drowning Prevention Day highlights safety tips by shining a spotlight on drowning as a major global cause of preventable death, claiming more than 230,000 lives every year.
Jon Payne, Senior Coastal Operations Officer for HM Coastguard, said: “Every summer, we respond to tragic incidents by the coast. Many of these involve young people, and many are entirely avoidable.
“Today is a really good opportunity for people to understand the risks, know how to prepare, and be confident to enjoy the sea safely.”
Currents and tide
Strong currents and tidal flows can carry swimmers far from safe entry and exit points, sometimes into isolated and inaccessible areas.
Jon said: "In many coastal areas there is a risk of being cut off by rising water, so always check the tide times make sure you're safely back on dry land well before high water. Take a quick look at the weather forecast too, so you don't get caught out.
“If you can, choose a lifeguarded beach and swim between the red and yellow flags. Be aware of any safety signs around the beach too.
“It’s good to swim with someone too so you can look after each other. Wearing something a brightly coloured, like a swim cap, will help people spot you if there’s a problem. A mobile phone in a waterproof pouch can be a confidence-booster too.
“And finally: if in doubt, do not go out – the sea will be always there for a return trip. If you feel unwell or unsure of the conditions, do not risk it.”
Cold water shock
Cold water shock is how the body reacts to suddenly entering cold water; it can make you gasp uncontrollably and inhale water.
Jon said: “Cold water shock from such a sudden temperature change can cause an involuntary gasp, hyperventilation or even cardiac arrest, even in warm weather.
“Before you go in, let someone know where you’ll be swimming, just in case. Take your time and acclimatise – enter the water slowly, getting used to the temperature and get breathing under control.
“You might consider a wetsuit appropriate for your activity too. And have warm clothes and a hot drink for after your swim to help you warm up.”
Float to Live
If you find yourself struggling in the water unexpectedly, instinct might tell you to swim hard – that's not the best way.
Jon explained: “In cold water, a shock can make you gasp uncontrollably and thrash about – potentially breathing in water and exhausting yourself.
“Instead, you should Float to Live. This means:
- Relax and fight your instinct to thrash around.
- Lean back with your ears submerged.
- Extend your arms and legs, gently move them if needed.
- Float until you can control your breathing.
“Once you’re calm you can think about waving for help, calling 999 and asking for the Coastguard, or swimming to safety where possible.”
Tombstoning
One of the most dangerous risks is from jumping into the sea from height – known for good reason as tombstoning.
“You should never jump from a bridge or high point into water,” Jon said.
“The sea often conceals strong currents, submerged debris, and rapidly changing depths. You’re unaware of what’s below you, and that could be fatal.
“Even when people survive an incident involving a jump into water from height, injuries such as paralysis and spinal damage, broken bones or impalement can be life-changing, not just for casualties, but for family and loved ones too.”
To find out more about safe swimming in the sea and enjoying a trouble-free trip to the coast, visit https://hmcoastguard.uk/safety-advice
• If you see an emergency by the coast, call 999 and ask for the Coastguard.
